Better-defined voices, to prepare for polyphony

Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+BOARD = --board adafruit:samd:adafruit_trellis_m4
+
+verify: uilleann.ino
+	arduino --verify $(BOARD) $<
+	
+install: uilleann.ino
+	arduino --upload $(BOARD) $<
+

dx9.h

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+// FM Algorithms used by the DX9
+// Excellent write-up:
+// https://gist.github.com/bryc/e997954473940ad97a825da4e7a496fa
+
+#pragma once
+
+// Each operator has 4 input gains and one output gain:
+//   { 1→, 2→, 3→, 4→, →out}
+
+// ⮎4→3→2→1→
+#define DX9_ALG_1(feedback) \
+  { \
+    {0, 1, 0, 0, 1}, \
+    {0, 0, 1, 0, 0}, \
+    {0, 0, 0, 1, 0}, \
+    {0, 0, 0, feedback, 0}, \
+  }
+
+// ⮎4⬎
+//  3→2→1→
+#define DX9_ALG_2(feedback) \
+  { \
+    {0, 1, 0, 0, 1}, \
+    {0, 0, 1, 1, 0}, \ 
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, \
+    {0, 0, 0, feedback, 0}, \
+  }
+
+//   ⮎4⬎
+//  3→2→1→
+#define DX9_ALG_3(feedback) \
+  { \
+    {0, 1, 0, 1, 1}, \
+    {0, 0, 1, 0, 0}, \
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, \
+    {0, 0, 0, feedback, 0}, \
+  }
+
+// ⮎4→3⬎
+//    2→1→
+#define DX9_ALG_4(feedback) \
+  { \
+    {0, 1, 0, 1, 1}, \
+    {0, 0, 1, 0, 0}, \
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, \
+    {0, 0, 0, feedback, 0}, \
+  }
+
+// ⮎4→3→
+//  2→1→
+#define DX9_ALG_5(feedback) \
+  { \
+    {0, 1, 0, 0, 1}, \
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, \
+    {0, 0, 0, 1, 1}, \
+    {0, 0, 0, feedback, 0}, \
+  }
+
+//    1→
+// ⮎4→2→
+//    3→
+#define DX9_ALG_6(feedback) \
+  { \
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 1}, \
+    {0, 0, 0, 1, 1}, \
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 1}, \
+    {0, 0, 0, feedback, 0}, \
+  }
+
+//    1→
+//    2→
+// ⮎4→3→
+#define DX9_ALG_7(feedback) \
+  { \
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 1}, \
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 1}, \
+    {0, 0, 1, 0, 1}, \
+    {0, 0, 0, feedback, 0}, \
+  }
+
+//  1→
+//  2→
+//  3→
+// ⮎4→
+#define DX9_ALG_8(feedback) \
+  { \
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 1}, \
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 1}, \
+    {0, 0, 0, 0, 1}, \
+    {0, 0, 0, feedback, 1}, \
+  }

notes.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#include "notes.h"
+
+const char *NoteNames[] {
+  "C ", "C#", "D ", "Eb", "E ", "F ", "F#", "G ", "Ab", "A ", "Bb", "B ",
+};
+float JustPitches[MaxNote + 1];
+
+// Hat tip to Kyle Gann
+// https://www.kylegann.com/tuning.html
+void setupJustPitches(uint8_t baseNote, float basePitch) {
+  JustPitches[baseNote +  0] = basePitch *  1 /  1; // D
+  JustPitches[baseNote +  1] = basePitch * 16 / 15; // Eb
+  JustPitches[baseNote +  2] = basePitch *  9 /  8; // E
+  JustPitches[baseNote +  3] = basePitch *  6 /  5; // F
+  JustPitches[baseNote +  4] = basePitch *  5 /  4; // F#
+  JustPitches[baseNote +  5] = basePitch *  4 /  3; // G
+  JustPitches[baseNote +  6] = basePitch * 45 / 32; // Ab
+  JustPitches[baseNote +  7] = basePitch *  3 /  2; // A
+  JustPitches[baseNote +  8] = basePitch *  8 /  5; // Bb
+  JustPitches[baseNote +  9] = basePitch *  5 /  3; // B
+  JustPitches[baseNote + 10] = basePitch *  9 /  5; // C
+  JustPitches[baseNote + 11] = basePitch * 15 /  8; // C#
+
+  // Two fourths up from the base pitch, so G major scale sounds right
+  JustPitches[baseNote + 11] = basePitch *  8 /  3; // C#
+
+  // Octaves
+  for (int note = baseNote; note < baseNote + 12; note++) {
+    for (int i = 1; i < 9; i++) {
+      int multiplier = 1<<i;
+      int shift = i*12;
+      int upNote = note + shift;
+      int dnNote = note - shift;
+      
+      if (upNote <= MaxNote) {
+        JustPitches[upNote] = JustPitches[note] * multiplier;
+      }
+      if (dnNote >= 0) {
+        JustPitches[dnNote] = JustPitches[note] / multiplier;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}

notes.h

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#define PITCH_D4 293.66
+
 enum Notes {
   NOTE_C0, NOTE_CS0, NOTE_D0, NOTE_DS0, NOTE_E0, NOTE_F0, NOTE_FS0, NOTE_G0, NOTE_GS0, NOTE_A0, NOTE_AS0, NOTE_B0,
   NOTE_C1, NOTE_CS1, NOTE_D1, NOTE_DS1, NOTE_E1, NOTE_F1, NOTE_FS1, NOTE_G1, NOTE_GS1, NOTE_A1, NOTE_AS1, NOTE_B1,
@@ -11,8 +15,7 @@ enum Notes {
 };
 const uint8_t MaxNote = NOTE_B8;
 
-const char *NoteNames[] {
+extern const char *NoteNames[];
-  "C ", "C#", "D ", "Eb", "E ", "F ", "F#", "G ", "Ab", "A ", "Bb", "B ",
+extern float JustPitches[MaxNote + 1];
-};
 
-#define PITCH_D4 293.66
+void setupJustPitches(uint8_t baseNote, float basePitch);

patches.h

@@ -1,50 +1,39 @@
-typedef struct Operator {
+// "Factory" patches
-  float gain;
-  float delay;
-  float attack;
-  float hold;
-  float decay;
-  float sustain;
-  float release;
-  float baseFrequency;
-  float multiplier;
-} Operator;
 
-typedef struct Patch {
+#pragma once
-  char *name;
+#include "dx9.h"
-  Operator operators[4];
-  float feedback;
-} Patch;
 
-Patch Bank[] = {
+// Waveform, offset, multiplier, delay, attack, holdAmp, hold, decay, sustainAmp, release
+FMPatch Bank[] = {
   {
     "Venus Oboe",
+    DX9_ALG_5(0),
     {
-      {1.0,  0, 10.5,  0, 5000, 0.75,  5.0,  0,  1.00},
+      // Waveform    off   mult  del   att  hldA   hld  dec  susA  rel
-      {1.0,  0, 10.5,  0, 2000, 0.80,  5.0,  0,  4.00},
+      {WAVEFORM_SINE,  0,  1.00,   0, 10.5,  1.0, 10.5,   0, 0.75,   5},
-      {0.0,  0, 10.5,  0, 2000, 0.50,  5.0,  0,  8.00},
+      {WAVEFORM_SINE,  0,  4.00,   0, 10.5,  1.0, 10.5,   0, 0.80,   5},
-      {0.0,  0, 50.0,  0,  800, 0.75,  5.0,  0, 16.00},
+      {WAVEFORM_SINE,  0,  8.00,   0, 10.5,  1.0, 10.5,   0, 0.50,   5},
+      {WAVEFORM_SINE,  0, 16.00,   0, 10.5,  1.0, 50.0,   0, 0.75,   5},
     },
-    0.0,
   },
   {
     "IWantPizza",
+    DX9_ALG_1(0),
     {
-      {1.0,  0, 10.5,  0, 5000, 0.35,  100, 0,  4.00},
+      {WAVEFORM_SINE,  0,  4.00,   0, 10.5,  1.0, 10.5,   0, 0.35,  20},
-      {1.0,  0, 10.5,  0, 2000, 0.30,  100, 0,  1.00},
+      {WAVEFORM_SINE,  0,  1.00,   0, 10.5,  1.0, 10.5,   0, 0.30,  20},
-      {1.0,  0, 10.5,  0, 2000, 0.50,  100, 0,  8.00},
+      {WAVEFORM_SINE,  0,  8.00,   0, 10.5,  1.0, 10.5,   0, 0.50,  20},
-      {1.0,  0,  200,  0,  800, 0.25,  100, 0, 16.00},
+      {WAVEFORM_SINE,  0, 16.00,   0, 10.5,  1.0,   50,   0, 0.25,  20},
     },
-    0.0,
   },
   {
     "Ray Gun",
+    DX9_ALG_1(0),
     {
-      {1.0,  0, 10.5,  0, 5000, 0.35, 2000,  0, 1.00},
+      {WAVEFORM_SINE,  0,  1.00,   0, 10.5,  1.0, 10.5,   0, 0.35,  20},
-      {1.0,  0, 10.5,  0, 2000, 0.30, 2000,  0, 1.00},
+      {WAVEFORM_SINE,  0,  1.00,   0, 10.5,  1.0, 10.5,   0, 0.30,  20},
-      {1.0,  0, 10.5,  0, 2000, 0.00, 2000,  0, 9.00},
+      {WAVEFORM_SINE,  0,  9.00,   0, 10.5,  1.0, 10.5,   0, 0.00,  20},
-      {1.0,  0,  200,  0,  800, 0.25,  800,  0, 1.00},  
+      {WAVEFORM_SINE,  0,  1.00,   0, 10.5,  1.0,   50,   0, 0.25,   8},
     },
-    0.0,
   },
 };

synth.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#include "synth.h"
+
+void FMVoiceLoadPatch(FMVoice *v, FMPatch *p) {
+  for (int i=0; i<NUM_OPERATORS; i++) {
+    FMOperator op = p->operators[i];
+
+    v->oscillators[i].begin(op.waveform);
+    v->envelopes[i].delay(op.delayTime);
+    v->envelopes[i].attack(op.attackTime);
+    v->oscillators[i].amplitude(op.holdAmplitude);
+    v->envelopes[i].hold(op.holdTime);
+    v->envelopes[i].decay(op.decayTime);
+    v->envelopes[i].sustain(op.sustainAmplitude / op.holdAmplitude);
+    v->envelopes[i].release(op.releaseTime);
+
+    // This feels wasteful 🙁
+    for (int j=0; j<NUM_OPERATORS; j++) {
+      v->mixers[i].gain(j, p->gains[i][j]);
+    }
+    v->outputMixer.gain(i, p->gains[i][NUM_OPERATORS]);
+  }
+}
+
+void FMVoiceSetPitch(FMVoice *v, float freq) {
+  for (int i=0; i<4; i++) {
+    FMOperator op = v->patch->operators[i];
+    v->oscillators[i].frequency(op.offset + (freq * op.multiplier));
+  }
+}
+
+void FMVoiceNoteOn(FMVoice *v, float freq) {
+  FMVoiceSetPitch(v, freq);
+  for (int i=0; i<4; i++) {
+    v->envelopes[i].noteOn();
+  }
+}
+
+void FMVoiceNoteOff(FMVoice *v) {
+  for (int i=0; i<4; i++) {
+    v->envelopes[i].noteOff();
+  }
+}

synth.h

@@ -1,38 +1,135 @@
+#pragma once
 #include <Audio.h>
 #include <Wire.h>
 #include <SPI.h>
 #include <SD.h>
 
-// GUItool: begin automatically generated code
+#define NUM_OPERATORS 4
-AudioMixer4              feedback;         //xy=110,37
+
-AudioSynthWaveformSineModulated osc4;           //xy=112,98
+/** FMOperator defines all settable paramaters to an operator.
-AudioSynthWaveformSineModulated osc2;           //xy=112,194
+ *
-AudioSynthWaveformSineModulated osc1;           //xy=112,245
+ * An FM operator consists of:
-AudioSynthWaveformSineModulated osc3;           //xy=113,146
+ * - An input
-AudioMixer4              mixOp;          //xy=114,418
+ * - An oscillator
-AudioEffectEnvelope      env4;           //xy=251,97
+ * - An envelope generator
-AudioEffectEnvelope      env3;           //xy=251,146
+ *
-AudioEffectEnvelope      env2;           //xy=252,194
+ * Frequency Modulation happens by chaining oscillators together,
-AudioEffectEnvelope      env1;           //xy=252,245
+ * using the output of one to modulate the frequency of the next.
-AudioFilterBiquad        biquad1;        //xy=257,418
+ *
-AudioMixer4              mixL;           //xy=472,402
+ * Oscillators generate waveforms in a shape defined by
-AudioMixer4              mixR;           //xy=473,498
+ * `synth_waveform.h`. WAVEFORM_SINE is a good one to start with.
-AudioOutputAnalogStereo  dacs1;          //xy=724,452
+ * Other sensible options are SAWTOOTH, SQUARE, and TRIANGLE.
-AudioConnection          patchCord1(feedback, osc4);
+ *
-AudioConnection          patchCord2(osc4, env4);
+ * Frequency for an oscillator is calculated with:
-AudioConnection          patchCord3(osc4, 0, feedback, 0);
+ *     offset + (voiceFrequency × multiplier)
-AudioConnection          patchCord4(osc2, env2);
+ *
-AudioConnection          patchCord5(osc1, env1);
+ * Oscillator frequency is then modulated by the level obtained
-AudioConnection          patchCord6(osc3, env3);
+ * by the input mixer: level of 1.0 shifts frequency up by
-AudioConnection          patchCord7(mixOp, biquad1);
+ * 8 octaves, level of -1.0 shifts frequency down by 8 octaves.
-AudioConnection          patchCord8(env4, osc3);
+ *
-AudioConnection          patchCord9(env4, 0, mixOp, 3);
+ * The envelope modifies amplitude of the oscillator output,
-AudioConnection          patchCord10(env3, 0, mixOp, 2);
+ * using the following rules:
-AudioConnection          patchCord11(env2, osc1);
+ * - stay at 0 until Note On
-AudioConnection          patchCord12(env2, 0, mixOp, 1);
+ * - stay at 0 for `delayTime` milliseconds
-AudioConnection          patchCord13(env1, 0, mixOp, 0);
+ * - linear increase to `holdAmplitude` for `attackTime` milliseconds
-AudioConnection          patchCord14(biquad1, 0, mixL, 0);
+ * - stay at `holdAmplitude` for `holdTime` milliseconds
-AudioConnection          patchCord15(biquad1, 0, mixR, 0);
+ * - linear decrease to `sustainAmplitude` for `decayTime` milliseconds
-AudioConnection          patchCord17(mixL, 0, dacs1, 0);
+ * - stay at `sustainAmplitude` until Note Off
-AudioConnection          patchCord18(mixR, 0, dacs1, 1);
+ * - linear decrease to 0 for `releaseTime` milliseconds
-// GUItool: end automatically generated code
+ */
+typedef struct FMOperator {
+  // Oscillator
+  short waveform;
+  float offset;
+  float multiplier;
+
+  // Envelope
+  float delayTime;
+  float attackTime;
+  float holdAmplitude;
+  float holdTime;
+  float decayTime;
+  float sustainAmplitude;
+  float releaseTime;
+} FMOperator;
+
+/** FMPatch defines all parameters to a voice patch.
+ *
+ * This defines the "sound" of an FM voice,
+ * just like a "Patch" does in a hardware synthesizer.
+ * I think of a "patch" being the physical cables that
+ * connect oscillators together, and to the output mixer.
+ *
+ * Each operator has NUM_OPERATORS input gains,
+ * one output gain (to the voice output mixer),
+ * and NUM_OPERATORS operators.
+ *
+ * Historical FM synthisizers,
+ * such as the DX7 or DX9,
+ * used "algorithms" to patch operators into one another:
+ * this is done with 0.0 or 1.0 values to the gains.
+ * The "feedback" on operator 4 of the DX9
+ * can be accomplished by patching an operator into itself.
+ */
+typedef struct FMPatch {
+  char *name;
+  float gains[NUM_OPERATORS][NUM_OPERATORS+1];
+  FMOperator operators[NUM_OPERATORS];
+} FMPatch;
+
+/** FMVoice sets up all the Audio objects for a voice.
+ */
+typedef struct FMVoice {
+  AudioMixer4 mixers[NUM_OPERATORS];
+  AudioSynthWaveformModulated oscillators[NUM_OPERATORS];
+  AudioEffectEnvelope envelopes[NUM_OPERATORS];
+  AudioMixer4 outputMixer;
+  FMPatch *patch;
+} FMVoice;
+
+/** FMOperatorWiring outputs AudioConnection initializers to wire one FM Operator
+ */
+#define FMOperatorWiring(name, i) \
+  {name.mixers[i], 0, name.oscillators[i], 0}, \
+  {name.oscillators[i], 0, name.envelopes[i], 0}, \
+  {name.envelopes[i], 0, name.outputMixer, i}, \
+  {name.envelopes[i], 0, name.mixers[0], i}, \
+  {name.envelopes[i], 0, name.mixers[1], i}, \
+  {name.envelopes[i], 0, name.mixers[2], i}, \
+  {name.envelopes[i], 0, name.mixers[3], i}
+
+/** FMVoiceWiring outputs AudioConnection initializer to wire one FMVoice
+ */
+#define FMVoiceWiring(name) \
+  FMOperatorWiring(name, 0), \
+  FMOperatorWiring(name, 1), \
+  FMOperatorWiring(name, 2), \
+  FMOperatorWiring(name, 3)
+
+/** FMVoiceLoadPatch loads a patch into a voice.
+ */
+void FMVoiceLoadPatch(FMVoice *v, FMPatch *p);
+
+/** FMVoiceSetPitch sets the pitch (Hz) of a voice.
+ *
+ * This does not signal the envelope in any way.
+ * You would use this for a glissando, portamento, or pitch bend.
+ * In my bagpipe, this prevents "reed noise" when changing notes.
+ */
+void FMVoiceSetPitch(FMVoice *v, float pitch);
+
+/** FMVoiceNoteOn sets the pitch (Hz) of a voice, and starts in playing.
+ *
+ * This tells the envelope generators to begin.
+ * On a piano, this is what you would use when a key is pressed.
+ * In my bagpipe, this triggers "reed noise".
+ */
+void FMVoiceNoteOn(FMVoice *v, float pitch);
+
+/** FMVoiceNoteOff stops a note from playing.
+ *
+ * This turns the voice "off" by shutting down all the envelope generators.
+ * On a piano, this is what you would use when a key is released.
+ * In my bagpipe, this corresponds to all holes being closed.
+ */
+void FMVoiceNoteOff(FMVoice *v);

uilleann.ino

@@ -12,11 +12,47 @@
 #define KNEE_OFFSET 0
 #define KEY_OFFSET 2
 
-float cmaj_low[8] = { 130.81, 146.83, 164.81, 174.61, 196.00, 220.00, 246.94, 261.63 };
+FMVoice Chanter;
-float cmaj_high[8] = { 261.6, 293.7, 329.6, 349.2, 392.0, 440.0, 493.9, 523.3 };
+FMVoice Drones[3];
+FMVoice Regulators[3];
 
-AudioEffectEnvelope *envs[] = {&env1, &env2, &env3, &env4};
+AudioFilterBiquad        biquad1;
-AudioSynthWaveformSineModulated *oscs[] = {&osc1, &osc2, &osc3, &osc4};
+AudioMixer4              mixDrones;
+AudioMixer4              mixRegulators;
+AudioMixer4              mixL;
+AudioMixer4              mixR;
+AudioOutputAnalogStereo  dacs1;
+
+AudioConnection FMVoicePatchCords[] = {
+  {Chanter.outputMixer, 0, biquad1, 0},
+  {biquad1, 0, mixL, 0},
+  {biquad1, 0, mixR, 0},
+
+  {Drones[0].outputMixer, 0, mixDrones, 0},
+  {Drones[1].outputMixer, 0, mixDrones, 1},
+  {Drones[2].outputMixer, 0, mixDrones, 2},
+  {mixDrones, 0, mixL, 1},
+  {mixDrones, 0, mixR, 1},
+
+  {Regulators[0].outputMixer, 0, mixRegulators, 0},
+  {Regulators[1].outputMixer, 0, mixRegulators, 1},
+  {Regulators[2].outputMixer, 0, mixRegulators, 2},
+  {mixRegulators, 0, mixL, 2},
+  {mixRegulators, 0, mixR, 2},
+
+  {mixL, 0, dacs1, 0},
+  {mixR, 0, dacs1, 1},
+
+  FMVoiceWiring(Chanter),
+  FMVoiceWiring(Drones[0]),
+  FMVoiceWiring(Drones[1]),
+  FMVoiceWiring(Drones[2]),
+  FMVoiceWiring(Drones[3]),
+  FMVoiceWiring(Regulators[0]),
+  FMVoiceWiring(Regulators[1]),
+  FMVoiceWiring(Regulators[2]),
+  FMVoiceWiring(Regulators[3]),
+};
 
 int currentPatch = 0;
 
@@ -25,55 +61,6 @@ Adafruit_NeoTrellisM4 trellis = Adafruit_NeoTrellisM4();
 MicroOLED oled(9, 1);
 QwiicButton bag;
 
-// Hat tip to Kyle Gann
-// https://www.kylegann.com/tuning.html
-float JustPitches[MaxNote + 1];
-void setupJustPitches(uint8_t baseNote, float basePitch) {
-  JustPitches[baseNote +  0] = basePitch *  1 /  1;
-  JustPitches[baseNote +  1] = basePitch * 16 / 15;
-  JustPitches[baseNote +  2] = basePitch *  9 /  8;
-  JustPitches[baseNote +  3] = basePitch *  6 /  5;
-  JustPitches[baseNote +  4] = basePitch *  5 /  4;
-  JustPitches[baseNote +  5] = basePitch *  4 /  3;
-  JustPitches[baseNote +  6] = basePitch * 45 / 32;
-  JustPitches[baseNote +  7] = basePitch *  3 /  2;
-  JustPitches[baseNote +  8] = basePitch *  8 /  5;
-  JustPitches[baseNote +  9] = basePitch *  5 /  3;
-  JustPitches[baseNote + 10] = basePitch *  9 /  5;
-  JustPitches[baseNote + 11] = basePitch * 15 /  8;
-
-  // Octaves
-  for (int note = baseNote; note < baseNote + 12; note++) {
-    for (int i = 1; i < 9; i++) {
-      int multiplier = 1<<i;
-      int shift = i*12;
-      int upNote = note + shift;
-      int dnNote = note - shift;
-      
-      if (upNote <= MaxNote) {
-        JustPitches[upNote] = JustPitches[note] * multiplier;
-      }
-      if (dnNote >= 0) {
-        JustPitches[dnNote] = JustPitches[note] / multiplier;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-void loadPatch(Patch p) {
-  for (int i=0; i<4; i++) {
-    Operator op = p.operators[i];
-
-    oscs[i]->amplitude(op.gain);
-    envs[i]->delay(op.delay);
-    envs[i]->attack(op.attack);
-    envs[i]->hold(op.hold);
-    envs[i]->decay(op.decay);
-    envs[i]->sustain(op.sustain);
-    envs[i]->release(op.release);
-  }
-  feedback.gain(0, p.feedback);
-}
 
 void setup() {
   setupJustPitches(NOTE_D4, PITCH_D4);
@@ -117,31 +104,6 @@ void setup(){
   AudioMemoryUsageMaxReset();
 }
 
-void setPitch(float freq) {
-  for (int i=0; i<4; i++) {
-    Operator op = Bank[currentPatch].operators[i];
-    oscs[i]->frequency(op.baseFrequency + freq*op.multiplier);
-  }
-}
-
-void noteOn(float freq) {
-  AudioNoInterrupts();
-  for (int i=0; i<4; i++) {
-    Operator op = Bank[currentPatch].operators[i];
-    oscs[i]->frequency(op.baseFrequency + freq*op.multiplier);
-    envs[i]->noteOn();
-  }
-  AudioInterrupts();
-}
-
-void noteOff() {
-  AudioNoInterrupts();
-  for (int i=0; i<4; i++) {
-    envs[i]->noteOff();
-  }
-  AudioInterrupts();
-}
-
 #define BUTTON_UP 0
 #define BUTTON_DOWN 8
 #define BUTTON_PITCH 24
@@ -207,13 +169,13 @@ void updateTunables(uint8_t buttons, int note) {
     int bankSize = sizeof(Bank) / sizeof(Bank[0]);
     patch = (patch + bankSize) % bankSize;
 
-    Patch p = Bank[patch];
+    FMPatch *p = &Bank[patch];
-    loadPatch(p);
+    FMVoiceLoadPatch(&Chanter, p);
 
     oled.clear(PAGE);
     oled.setFontType(0);
     oled.setCursor(0, 0);
-    oled.print(p.name);
+    oled.print(p->name);
     oled.setCursor(0, 10);
     oled.print("Patch ");
     oled.print(patch);
@@ -290,7 +252,7 @@ void loop() {
   }
 
   if (silent) {
-    noteOff();
+    FMVoiceNoteOff(&Chanter);
     playing = false;
   } else {
     // Calculate pitch, and glissando pitch
@@ -310,9 +272,9 @@ void loop() {
     }
 
     if (playing) {
-      setPitch(pitch);
+      FMVoiceSetPitch(&Chanter, pitch);
     } else {
-      noteOn(pitch);
+      FMVoiceNoteOn(&Chanter, pitch);
     }
     playing = true;
   }