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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Vail</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<!-- Material Design Lite -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/icon?family=Material+Icons">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://code.getmdl.io/1.3.0/material.teal-purple.min.css">
<script defer src="https://code.getmdl.io/1.3.0/material.min.js"></script>
<!-- Vail stuff -->
<script src="vail.js"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="vail.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="mdl-layout mdl-js-layout">
<header class="mdl-layout__header mdl-layout__header--scroll">
<div class="mdl-layout__header-row">
<!-- Title -->
<span class="mdl-layout-title">Vail</span>
<!-- Add spacer, to align navigation to the right -->
<div class="mdl-layout-spacer"></div>
<!-- Navigation -->
<nav class="mdl-navigation">
<a class="mdl-navigation__link" href="https://github.com/nealey/vail">Source Code</a>
<a class="mdl-navigation__link" href="https://github.com/nealey/vail/issues/new">Bug Report</a>
<a class="mdl-navigation__link" href="https://github.com/nealey/vail-adapter">USB Adapter</a>
<a class="mdl-navigation__link" href="https://morse.withgoogle.com/learn/">Learn Morse</a>
</nav>
</div>
</header>
<div class="mdl-layout__drawer">
<span class="mdl-layout-title">Repeaters</span>
<nav class="mdl-navigation">
<a class="mdl-navigation__link" href="?repeater=">General Chaos</a>
<a class="mdl-navigation__link" href="?repeater=beg">1-15 WPM</a>
<a class="mdl-navigation__link" href="?repeater=int">16-20 WPM</a>
<a class="mdl-navigation__link" href="?repeater=adv">21-99 WPM</a>
</nav>
<hr>
<nav class="mdl-navigation">
<a class="mdl-navigation__link" href="https://morse.withgoogle.com/learn/">Learn Morse Code</a>
<a class="mdl-navigation__link" href="https://github.com/nealey/vail-adapter">Use a physical key</a>
</nav>
</div>
<div id="snackbar" class="mdl-js-snackbar mdl-snackbar">
<div class="mdl-snackbar__text"></div>
<button class="mdl-snackbar__action" type="button"></button>
</div>
<main class="mdl-layout__content">
<div class="flex">
<div class="mdl-card mdl-shadow--4dp">
<div class="mdl-card__title">
<h2 class="mdl-card__title-text">Input</h2>
</div>
<div class="mdl-tabs mdl-js-tabs mdl-js-ripple-effect">
<div class="mdl-tabs__tab-bar">
<a href="#straight" class="mdl-tabs__tab is-active">Straight Key</a>
<a href="#iambic" class="mdl-tabs__tab">Iambic</a>
<a href="#tools" class="mdl-tabs__tab">Tools</a>
</div>
<div class="mdl-tabs__panel is-active" id="straight">
<table class="center wide">
<tr>
<td>
<button id="key" class="key mdl-button mdl-js-button mdl-button--raised mdl-button--colored">
Key
</button>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<kbd>c</kbd> or <kbd>,</kbd> or <kbd>⇧ Shift</kbd>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="mdl-tabs__panel" id="iambic">
<table class="center wide">
<tr>
<td>
<button id="dit" class="key mdl-button mdl-js-button mdl-button--raised mdl-button--colored">
Dit
</button>
</td>
<td>
<button id="dah" class="key mdl-button mdl-js-button mdl-button--raised mdl-button--colored">
Dah
</button>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<kbd>.</kbd> or <kbd>z</kbd>
<br>
right-click for Dah
</td>
<td>
<kbd>/</kbd> or <kbd>x</kbd>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="mdl-tabs__panel" id="tools">
<table class="center wide">
<tr>
<td>
<button id="ck" class="key mdl-button mdl-js-button mdl-button--raised mdl-button--colored">
CK
</button>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Echo On</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="mdl-card__actions">
<button class="mdl-button mdl-js-button mdl-button--fab mdl-button--mini-fab mdl-button--colored maximize" title="maximize">
<i class="material-icons mdl-color-text--white" role="presentation">aspect_ratio</i>
</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="mdl-card mdl-shadow--4dp">
<div class="mdl-card__title">
<h2 class="mdl-card__title-text">Dichotomous Key</h2>
</div>
<table class="mdl-card__supporting-text long morsetree">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td rowspan="8">e ·</td>
<td rowspan="4">i ··</td>
<td rowspan="2">s ···</td>
<td rowspan="1">h ····</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1">v ···–</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2">u ··–</td>
<td rowspan="1">f ··–·</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="4">a ·–</td>
<td rowspan="2">r ·–·</td>
<td rowspan="1">l ·–··</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1">j ·–––</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2">w ·––</td>
<td rowspan="1">p ·––·</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="8">t –</td>
<td rowspan="4">n –·</td>
<td rowspan="2">d –··</td>
<td rowspan="1">b –···</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1">x –··–</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2">k –·–</td>
<td rowspan="1">c –·–·</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1">y –·––</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="4">m ––</td>
<td rowspan="2">g ––·</td>
<td rowspan="1">z ––··</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1">q ––·–</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2">o –––</td>
<td rowspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="mdl-card mdl-shadow--4dp">
<div class="mdl-card__title">
<h2 class="mdl-card__title-text">Knobs</h2>
</div>
<div class="mdl-card__supporting-text">
<p>
Dit length (iambic):
<output id="iambic-duration-value"></output>ms
<input
id="iambic-duration"
class="mdl-slider mdl-js-slider"
type="range"
min="40"
max="255"
value="100">
</p>
<p>
Recieve delay:
<output id="rx-delay-value"></output>ms
<input
id="rx-delay"
class="mdl-slider mdl-js-slider"
type="range"
min="0"
max="9999"
value="4000">
</p>
<hr>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
Suggested receive delay:
</td>
<td>
<output id="suggested-delay-value">0</output>ms
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Average round-trip time:
</td>
<td>
<output id="lag-value">0</output>ms
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Longest recent transmission:
</td>
<td>
<output id="longest-rx-value">0</output>ms
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Repeater:
</td>
<td>
<span id="repeater"></span>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr>
<p>Errors</p>
<div id="errors"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="mdl-card mdl-shadow--4dp">
<div class="mdl-card__title">
<h2 class="mdl-card__title-text">Vail</h2>
</div>
<div class="mdl-card__supporting-text">
<p>
This is a CW repeater,
named after Alfred Vail,
who may or may not have invented what's called "Morse code",
but clearly had some role in it.
</p>
<p>
Just like a radio repeater,
anybody can connect and start transmitting stuff,
and this will broadcast it to everyone connected.
</p>
<h3 class="mdl-card__title-text">Why Does This Exist?</h3>
<p>
I need a place to practice CW with actual human beings,
and I want it to be as close as possible to what I'd experience on a radio.
Also, I don't want to make people buy a bunch of radio hardware.
Nothing else like this exists on the Internet, as far as I can tell.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="mdl-card mdl-shadow--4dp">
<div class="mdl-card__title">
<h2 class="mdl-card__title-text">How It Works</h2>
</div>
<div class="mdl-card__supporting-text">
<p>
The Internet isn't exactly like radio waves:
it still goes at near the speed of light,
but there are multiple hops between endpoints,
which buffer up transmissions, and multiplex them onto a single uplink connection.
These repeaters (routers)
are also allowed to just drop things if they need to.
It's the responsibility of the communicating parties
to work out whether something needs to be retransmitted.
Because of this,
there's no telling how long it will take for a transmission to get to a destination.
</p>
<p>
Each Vail transmission (packet) consists of:
</p>
<ul>
<li>timestamp (milliseconds since 1 Jan 1970, 00:00:00 in Reykjavík)</li>
<li>transmission duration (milliseconds)</li>
<li>silence duration (milliseconds, optional)</li>
<li>transmission duration (milliseconds, optional)</li>
<li>silence duration (milliseconds, optional)</li>
<li>Repeat as necessary</li>
</ul>
<p>
The repeater does nothing but broadcast everything it gets
to every connected Vail client,
including the one that sent the packet.
When your client gets back the exact same thing it sent,
it compares the current time to the time in the packet.
This is the <i>round-trip time</i>:
the time it takes for a packet to get from your computer to the repeater and back.
</p>
<p>
When the client gets a packet it didn't send,
it adds the <i>receive delay</i> to the timestamp,
and schedules to play the tones and silences in the packet
at that time.
</p>
<p>
By adding the maximum round-trip time to the <i>longest recent transmission</i>
(the length of a dah, hopefully),
your client can make a guess about how much time needs to be added to a received timestamp,
in order to have it play back in the future at the time it comes in.
This is just a guess.
If you're communicating with somebody with a higher round-trip time than you have,
you'll need to raise your receive delay to account for it.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="mdl-card mdl-shadow--4dp">
<div class="mdl-card__title">
<h2 class="mdl-card__title-text">Why do I hear a low tone?</h2>
</div>
<div class="mdl-card__supporting-text">
<p>
This is the "drop tone", and will be accompanied by an error.
</p>
<p>
This means the packet arrived so late, it can't be played in time.
In technical terms: the timestamp of the packet plus the receive delay
is less than the current time.
It can't be scheduled to play, because we can't go back in time.
</p>
<p>
This could be happening for three reasons:
</p>
<ol>
<li>You (the person hearing the drop tone) need a larger receive delay</li>
<li>The receiving computer's clock is in the future (running fast)</li>
<li>The sending computer's clock is in the past (running slow)</li>
</ol>
<p>
Make sure your clock is synced with an Internet time server.
Accurate time is very important to how Vail works.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="mdl-card mdl-shadow--4dp">
<div class="mdl-card__title">
<h2 class="mdl-card__title-text">Future plans</h2>
</div>
<div class="mdl-card__supporting-text">
<ul>
<li>Move to a more permanent URL</li>
<li>Make this page less ugly</li>
<li>Arduino program to let you hook up an iambic paddle over USB</li>
<li>Document the protocol</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="mdl-card__title-text">How can I help?</h3>
<ul>
<li>Improve the <a href="https://github.com/nealey/vail/">source code</a></li>
<li>Email me and let me know you're using it</li>
</ul>
<p>
<a href="mailto:neale@woozle.org">Neale Pickett</a> kd7oqi
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</main>
</div>
</body>
</html>
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